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Understanding and Management of Co-Dominant Branches in Trees

July 29, 2024

Trees are remarkable living structures, adding beauty and vitality to our landscapes. However, like any living organism, they can develop conditions that may compromise their health and stability. One such condition is the presence of co-dominant branches, also known as co-dominant stems or co-dominant unions. This month we will discuss what co-dominant branches are, the problems they can cause, and effective strategies for management of co-dominant branches in trees at various stages of maturity. The goal is to provide scientifically accurate information in a manner that is easily understandable to both professionals and non-professionals.

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What are Co-Dominant Branches?

Co-dominant branches refer to two or more adjacent stems that emerge from the same location on the main trunk of a tree and grow at similar rates. This condition is often characterized by a “V” or narrow “U” shaped union rather than the stronger, more desirable “U” shape. Co-dominant stems lack a clear, singular dominant leader, which is crucial for the structural integrity of the tree. This structural feature can be identified in various tree species and may occur due to genetic traits, environmental factors, or improper pruning practices.

Potential Problems Due to Co-Dominant Branches

The presence of co-dominant branches poses several risks to the tree and its surroundings:

  1. Weak Structural Integrity: The narrow angle of attachment in co-dominant branches often leads to a weaker union, making these branches more susceptible to breaking, especially under stress conditions like high winds, snow, or ice accumulation.
  2. Increased Risk of Decay: The tight crotch of co-dominant stems can trap moisture and debris, creating an ideal environment for decay organisms. Over time, this can lead to internal decay and further weaken the branch union.
  3. Compromised Tree Health: As co-dominant branches compete for resources, they can hinder the overall growth and health of the tree.
  4. Safety Hazards: Weak co-dominant branches pose a risk to property and personal safety, especially if the tree is located near buildings, walkways, or recreational areas.

Management Strategies for Different Maturity Levels

tree with large co-dominant branch - manage co-dominant branches- BurkholderPHC

Management of co-dominant branches varies according to the maturity and overall condition of the tree and the severity of the issue. The older the tree, the more likely treatment will involve steps over the course of multiple seasons. Recognizing the problem early allows arborists to more easily manage the tree’s growth, and will be less expensive than treatment of older trees.

Young Trees:

  • Formative Pruning: Early identification and corrective pruning is the most effective method for managing co-dominant branches in young trees. Selectively removing one of the competing leaders or reducing its length can encourage the development of a single, dominant trunk.
  • Structural Training: Use of spacers, ties, or stakes to gently guide the growth of the branches into a more favorable structure.

Mature Trees:

  • Regular Inspections: Regular health assessments by a certified arborist can help identify potential issues with co-dominant branches before they become severe.
  • Selective Pruning: Reducing the weight of co-dominant branches can alleviate stress on the union. However, this should be done carefully to avoid excessive pruning, which can stress the tree.
  • Cabling and Bracing: In some cases, installing support systems like cables or braces can help stabilize co-dominant branches and reduce the risk of failure.

Older Trees:

  • Risk Assessment: Older trees with co-dominant branches require careful evaluation to determine the risk they pose to their surroundings.
  • Conservative Management: Any interventions should be conservative to avoid causing additional stress or damage to the tree. In some cases, it may be more advisable to monitor the tree rather than intervene.
  • Possible Removal: If a tree poses a significant risk and cannot be safely managed, removal may be the most responsible course of action.

Contact Burkholder PHC for Management of Co-Dominant Branches and Other Corrective Pruning Issues

Co-dominant branches in trees present unique challenges that require careful management. By understanding the condition and implementing appropriate treatment strategies tailored to the tree’s maturity level, we can ensure the health, stability, and safety of our treasured trees. Regular consultations with tree care professionals are vital to maintaining the integrity and beauty of our landscapes. At Burkholder PHC, we emphasize a thorough diagnosis and precise treatment for co-dominant branches and other tree and plant issues. Our team of experienced, qualified, ISA-certified arborists uses state-of-the-art, research-backed methods, and equipment to treat various tree health issues and problems. Our experience and process allow us to provide proactive tree care services, helping to encourage and maintain your trees’ health and aesthetics. For more information about our services, contact us today.